The use of space is a key to how we visually sense, read, and perceive. It is the frontier of making information visible. In this grid-style layout by Lissitsky, the use of space focuses our attention in radical ways.

reading: Philip Meggs,
Type and Image,
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989.
p 80 - 92
on electronic reserve.

In this reading you will learn about grid structures. While sometimes grids are explicit, in almost all other cases of good visual design, they operate implicitly, lurking beneath the surface. The examples, as well as the principles, can serve as a basis for your own ideas.

Layering is a means for structuring the presentation of large amounts of information, in order to promote readability. It is a means for grouping elements into levels, and facilitating coherent readings of the levels. Tufte's book contains beautiful examples and clear analysis.

example: DEAF 2003: Data Knitting

This web site from the 2003 Dutch Electronic Arts Festival makes extensive use of layering and grid structures in its provocative presentation of a large collection structured around projects and events. Make sure you navigate down into some of the projects. What works well in this site? What could be improved?